句子拆分：

　　（84）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—— with all the far-reaching changes in social patternsthatfollowedwas spreadover nearly a century,whereasnowadays a developing nationmay undergothe same process in a decade or so.

　　furthermore再者，另外

　　（4）两个that主语从句间接翻译，无需调整顺序。

　　（82）Under modern conditions, thisrequiresvarying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.

　　（2）骨干结构是Additional social stresses may also occur because of...简略句+ because of示意的缘由状语。整句翻译应该根据先缘由后结果的准则，将主句放在最后。

　　（4）定语从句that followed润色changes，较短小，采取前置法，翻译到changes前，即“随之而来的各种深入的社会结构变革”。

　　introduce推出，采取，施行

　　modern means of transport现代交通工具

　　the strength of a country's economy一个国度的经济实力

　　Under modern conditions, //this requires varying measures of centralized control //and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.

　　arising from由……惹起，产生于，来自于

　　and hence因此，从而

　　mass-communications公众通信

　　（2）如今停止时态are feeling... and are being...需求用在汉语译文中有所表现，添加“正，正在，专业翻译公司，始终”等词汇。

　　centralized control地方管制，地方调控

　　解析：

　　句子拆分：

　　（2）additional “额外的，新的，附加的”，根据语境抉择词义，“新的”更适合，此词在2004年84题考过。